martes, 17 de julio de 2012

The Paradox of Agnosticism

Agnostics tend to say that their disbelief in God is based on the argument that God's existence cannot be proved. Hence, they usually ask for empirical demonstrations and they even say that on such conditions they are open to believe. I find this reasoning highly problematic and ultimately paradoxical. In few words, I think true agnosticism is impossible.

First, if we conceive (i.e. logically imagine in our minds) something like the Abrahamic God, we come to realize that It cannot exist. Because the requisite for something to exists is an origin or birth, a history and a death. This can be make of pagan deities and idols, who traditionally in mythology have supernatural births, supernatural lives, and even in some cultures, supernatural deaths. They exist because they come into the world, just as human beings. They are not eternal.

Contrariwise, the Abrahamic God of Jews, Christians and Muslims is eternal. Or as it is stated in Revelations 22:13 "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End". God is the philosophical "being" Itself, as when It presents Itself to Moses in Exodus 3:14 by saying "I am that I am." If Gods is something, It is a concept, so It cannot exist. In logical language, It subsists, just like logical concepts. It can only be conceived by us, but not seen by us. This is also summarized by St. Paul in 2 Corinthians 4:18 when he writes, "So we fix our eyes not on what is seen, but on what is unseen. For what is seen is temporary, but what is unseen is eternal". In the same way, concepts are not seen anywhere but conceived in our minds, because they are eternal. Our relation to God works in a very similar fashion, and the act of truly conceiving God is called faith. Just as concepts cannot be empirically demonstrated, God cannot be demonstrated. So the question for God's existence is misleading, and nonsensical.


The question of the being of God is, then, logical and never empirical. It is the principle of the existence of the universe itself, but not anything inside the universe.


This leads us to our second problem. Agnosticism asks something to be proved empirically through the method of scientific inquiry, when the conceptual and logical structure of the problem itself, the thing been asked to be proved, has no possible empirical expression. To put it straightforward: 
1.1) The concept of God cannot be empirically proved because, 
1.2) given that there would be an empirical proof, it means that it can be tested. 
2.) Hence, if it can be tested, it cannot be eternal, but particular. 
3.) If it is not eternal but particular, it cannot be God.
4.) God does not exist.
5.) If there is God, It does not exist but subsist.
6.) We call faith the act of truly conceiving God.

Agnostics do not follow this reasoning logically, but introduce a fallacy in the middle way. For example: If there is a God, it should be subject to empirical demonstration. But anything subject to demonstration can be anything but God, because the concept of God can only be eternal. This reasoning is obviously paradoxical and there is no way of solving it. i.e. if God is empirically proved, then, it is not God. If it cannot be proven, then I will doubt its existence. But doubt here is an euphemism to hide pure and simple atheism.

Conclusion: agnosticism doubts God by presenting a paradoxical problem that has not logical solution, never mind empirical. And because this paradox is inevitable in the reasoning of all agnosticism, their claim to be open to believe is nonsensical. It is a conscious or unconscious rhetorical device to disguise atheism. Hence, agnosticism is logically inconsistent and ultimately impossible.

3 comentarios:

Unknown dijo...

If we are talking of fallacies, lets begin with some serious ones theists (and notoriously Christians) commit when discussing religion:

(1) When I say "god", I don't necessarily mean your God. Being a non-theist, I mean "a god". By god I understand something generic, meaning "an intelligent being that created the universe / caused space-time and/or our reality to unfold".
(2) A consequence of this is that, from my point of view, any property other than "created the world" is accidental to a god or gods to be so. I know from your conception there is only one God, and that God has an amazing array of properties and background stories, but that is not relevant to a general discussion, unless we're discussing whether the Christian God exists.
(3) Also, as a consequence, agnosticism is not the position of "not knowing whether the Christian God exists or not" but "not knowing whether a god exists or not". Atheism is a much stronger statement: no god whatsoever exists.
(4) For an agnostic scientist such as myself, the relevance of the divine question, it being of a metaphysical nature, reduces to its impact on the physical world. That is, if a god exists, does it have control over what happens in the universe? Is it partial, or total? Is it arbitrary? Can I distinguish a universe with or without this type of deity? What impact does it have in my understanding of the world?

And yes, if those are the questions I am asking myself, empirical evidence is necessary to back any possible hypothesis, especially somebody were to convince me there IS a way to distinguish that there is a god / the impact of god on the physical world, so that I could incorporate it into my conception of the Cosmos and how it works.

(5) As far as I understand, the adjective 'eternal' means 'everlasting' or 'lasting through all time' (the definition of time is also subject to quandary, for by time we may mean "change in the physical space/time" or something transcending that). You seem to imply it also means "universal" and in some sense, "transcending / subsisting that which is physical".
(6) Your definition of God also seems to imply his impact on the physical is all-encompassing and coherent, and cannot therefore be distinguished by empirical evidence from a universe devoid of a god. Notice the burden of definition is not on me but on you: you are the one who defines God thus, and as I pointed out, not all conceptions of god need to incorporate this. You are the one who insists God NEEDS to be thus, because from your worldview, God IS thus.

Unknown dijo...

I cannot vouch for all agnostics, but my position as an agnostic can be summarized then as follows:
(1) An intelligent, metaphysical being that created and possibly sustains the universe might or might not exist. I recognize proving its existence or non-existence by logic is impossible.
(2) Save for the purely philosophical or existential, any serious interest I might have in god existing or not is if it has an impact on my modeling of the world.
(3) The only thing I can be sure of as objective, reliable knowledge about the physical world is that which is obtained by applying the scientific method and guided/expressed by mathematical models.
(4) I do not deny the existence of a God if it is the case that it is indeed "eternal" and so we can only apprehend Him by faith (meaning, the scientific method cannot "see him"). However, His existence is irrelevant to my knowledge of the physical world.
(5) Not only this, but it is impossible for me to find a reason that sways me to believe in this God as opposed to the God of Islam, or in Buddha, or in any conceivable God. I have not even had any subjective or aesthetic experience that sways me in any direction (not that I would admit the latter as objective knowledge, it might as well be a hallucination).
(6) Hence, I remain an agnostic, and my agnosticism is VERY MUCH possible and coherent.

It's atheism, on the other hand, that is untenable and intellectually dishonest, for it denies the existence of God when it is impossible to determine this either through logic or through experiment (one cannot find evidence for the non-existence of something. The only evidence for unicorns-not-existing is that we haven't found one yet).

I will conclude by saying that "open to believe in a god" does not equal "open to believe in ANY god". If your conception of god has any consequences which contradict well-established, verified scientific fact (such as the Earth being 6000 years old, or miracles, or resurrections, etc), chances are I will be inclined not to believe in your particular god. That does not make me an atheist, it just makes me a non-Christian.

Thaelman dijo...

Thank you for sharing your comment.