lunes, 26 de marzo de 2012

Nietzsche's collapse


I think Nietzsche suffered a deep identification with the collective unconscious to the point of losing his persona completely by the end of his intellectual life. This can explain the richness of primordial images and symbols in all his writings, as well as his convoluted pathos. Also, such loss within the collective unconscious can explain the instinctive and irrational truths of his philosophy, so difficult to understand when we do not try to access it through our intuition but through our rational capacities, as well as the psychotic consequences that this implied to his own mind. In short, he is a magnificent case study of the Western collective unconscious as I understand it from Jung's system.

In his autobiography Ecce Homo (1888) Nietzsche portrays himself as an extremely elevated mind, wise as no other philosopher has ever been. Through Zarathustra, his alter ego, Nietzsche speaks of himself as a prophet and as a diciple of the Greek god Dionysus. Jung says that minds that collapse into the collective unconscious have the propensity to inflate themselves, as if some kind of superhuman enlightenment, or "godlikeness" in Adler's vocabulary, has set them above the rest of his peers, even humanity (Jung, 1975, p. 83-103). But one of the characteristics of the collective unconscious are its irrational contents, the reason of why Nietzsche's philosophy might seem so unphilosophical at times. No wonder why Nietzsche himself denies philosophy as a moralizing quest and denial of the world. He became the conscious rebirth of ancient and pagan symbols repressed by Christianity for centuries, and recently by rationalism.

Nietzsche is no doubt a very strange philosopher. Instead of a quest for truth and knowledge of the world and the mind, he explored the depths of the human instincts, and discovered in them a strength that put into question all the quests for "high ideals" on one side, and salvation on the other. His discovery of philosophy and religion as ideological elements of repression of the instincts made him reaffirm the human as it is given by nature. In this sense Nietzsche is an early psycologist. He saw in Christianity a war against nature, falsifying life and making it miserable, and in philosophy almost as mere fiction. (It is very important that, if we acknowledge that Nietzsche has a theory of ideology, it is far from the Marxist notion. For Nietzsche ideology is the will to power of base and weak minds, not of dominant social classes, consisting in a will to repress aspects of the human instincts that are falsely believed to be evil; hence, keeping under control strong and vigorous individuals with irrational and aristocratic tendencies. Marxism is included within these ideologies, and with good reason).

But what remains remarkable is that his discovery of human instincts was of such a depth that Jung's notion of inflation is clearly seen in his writings. His method of speaking through parables and metaphors is more akin to prophets than philosophers, and he even saw himself in that way. The fact that Nietzsche decided to title his autobiography as "ecce homo", the words Pontius Pilate supposedly said to the Jewish crown when presenting Jesus in John 19:5, is the first and direct signal that he is styling himself after Christ (more precisely as the Antichrist).

But don't get me wrong. The obvious deliriums of his late writings are no reason to discard him as a mere psychotic of no consequence. The difference between him and vulgar madmen are his ginius and his capacity to write. In this sense by styding himself in this state of collapse into the collective unconscious he is saying things about all of us, especially Westerns. This is the reason why he is still considered one of the most important and enlightened philosophers of our era. Definitively not because if his analytical capacities, but because of his acuteness in unmasking our instincts. The symbolic contents of his writings are another reason to believe Jung's system of human psyche; that deep within our unconscious there are collective symbols or archetypes that regulate basic psychical functions. Instead of believing with Freud in a purely biologically determined psyche, the favorite generalization of some neuro scientists, Jung's system explains these shared psychic functions not on cells, neurons or libido, but on contents of purely psychic nature.
Nietzsche, by collapsing on the collective unconscious with the respective psychotic consequences, demonstrates why in the search for our selves we need to pay heed to those symbolic images in religion that he wished to destroy so much.

viernes, 2 de marzo de 2012

A most unholy time

[I suggest this be played if you want to proceed reading this entry: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eh31j6L95Ok]

The brighter our technology illuminates the skyline, the higher our skyscrapers point at Heaven, the gloomier we seem to sink, the darker our condition seems to turn. Reason has unlocked the secrets of the demiurge, with which we twist nature at our will. But it is the outer nature that we think we command, not our inner being. Reason thought back some centuries ago that we could control ourselves as much as we control other selves. All vanity. Pure and shallow vanity. The truth is that after so much effort trying to conceive of a model with which we could control our inner nature by reason, we had to yield to technology. It is the second prize, because not being able to determine ourselves, we decided to determine outer nature as our revenge. But we have been deluded by our pride. The nature we thought we were commanding is returning for pay back, even if it's just for the pleasure of ridiculing our aggrandized self-esteem.

But now that we are well ahead in this monstrous world of ours, this deformed Earth we have created, and that we seem to recreate every year more uglier, it is not spurious to turn back and think of what we have lost. I heard once the argument that nuclear weapons secured world peace, at least between nuclear powers, the most dangerous of actors. But if that is true, then that will be the last peace of our times, before the next war clean all our chronometers. What we have gained in peace for our bodies to enjoy a worldly life has cost us the incalculable loss of the peace of our spirits. It has cost our lives in the Spirit itself. Like Faust, we have sold our souls to the Devil. And for what? Some generations of awesome technology and that's all. All vanity.

I have received from colleges of mine the unfortunate contempt when I use the Pope as a reliable reference. What we have lost is so big, so incalculable, that the so called tolerance and liberal secularism clouds our vision in its entirety. The contempt felt for the Pope Benedict XVI, a most knowledgeable and illustrated man, not only in theology, but in philosophy and literature, science and history, making him one of the most potent intellectuals of our time, is regarded with the lowest and most shameful contempt by people of reputed education. Uttering his name, even before any argument is made, is enough for some to just simply drop out of the conversation. What is going on? Have we gone totally mad? I find myself with people that ignores completely the beautiful, enlightening, love-driven and tolerant teachings of Benedict XVI, and take him for absolutely the opposite of what he is and what he says! It is a startling, even depressing condition.

There is only one thing that I can think of that makes contemporary and educated sons of Catholicism block their minds to his words and ideas. They just simply don't want to hear, it doesn't matter what he says. This denial, this absolute contempt from what he has to say is worrisome. Really worrisome. It shows intolerance, hatred, but worse of all, it shows fear. Fear of what? Of being remembered of what they want to forget: that we have been living unchristian lives; and we know, deep in our souls, that it's wrong. Modern minds are terribly afraid of what is sacred, because there is an intuitive knowledge that we are living the most unholy of existences. And this goes for all of us! Me included! But the petite bourgeoisie ethos of a life of private enjoyment depends on ignoring these facts. Certain people are so afraid of guilt, of remorse, that they rather live in denial, constructing the most sophisticated and comprehensive doctrines of society and liberty for the sole purpose of clouding the Spirit in us. God is no longer welcome. He is a nuisance to our modern ways. We want to banish Him. Maybe as a revenge against Him for banishing us from the Garden of Eden? What is the modern myth of the Revolution if not a kind of low revenge to the One that died for our salvation? We want to cast disbelief in the story of Christ, because his sacrifice makes us feel uneasy and ashamed. Ashamed of us not answering his love back. Modern individualism is the ideological device to deny, temporarily forget, the love that He deserved back from us. I think this is among the reasons why educated people today prefer to turn deaf ears when the name of the Pope is uttered, even though he is a publicly acknowledged man of wisdom and piety. His piety is painful; it's so demanding that we rather ignore, and move on. Fear and vanity.

To close, I just want to quote the words of the Pope himself, who is remembering us the vanity as well as the futility of a world of economic wealth when there is no love.

"What hinders this humane and loving gaze towards our brothers and sisters? Often it is the possession of material riches and a sense of sufficiency, but it can also be the tendency to put our own interests and problems above all else. We should never be incapable of “showing mercy” towards those who suffer. Our hearts should never be so wrapped up in our affairs and problems that they fail to hear the cry of the poor. Humbleness of heart and the personal experience of suffering can awaken within us a sense of compassion and empathy" Benedict XVI, 3 November 2011.

Who can deny the goodness of this? According to certain economic doctrines, charity is unprofitable. And it is true. It must be unprofitable to be real charity! There is no love in profit, but self-centered egoism. And that cannot be truly Christian. That is why the most unchristian force of our day is capitalism. The love for material wealth has taken our minds, hiding the Spirit of goodness, making us evil. For every spit of economic wealth created in our current world, it becomes a bit more evil, soulless, cruel, and ultimately inhuman. That some people celebrate it is a matter of concern. For some pleasant years of material wealth, we are all casting our souls down to Hell.

The source of Pope Benedict's words is: http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/messages/lent/documents/hf_ben-xvi_mes_20111103_lent-2012_en.html